Biotechnology Journal International

Molecular Characterization of blaCTX-M-G1 and blaOXA Genes in Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Children under Two Years in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

KJ. ZONGO — 2026-01-08

Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are evolved forms of β-lactamases produced mainly by gram-negative bacilli that allow them to inactivate penicillins, cephalosporins and Aztreonam. They are encoded by various genes that are either chromosomal or plasmid and hosted by bacterial strains especially those of E. coli widely distributed in the world. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes increases the pathogenicity of bacterial strains already equipped with virulence factors.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the CTX-M-G1 and OXA genes in enterophatogenic Escherichia coli Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-producing strains isolated from children under two years of age at Protestant Hospital Center Schiphra in Ouagadougou.

Methods: A total of 53 strains of Escherichia coli responsible for human infections and isolated from stool were subjected to serotyping and susceptibility tests targeting antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem were performed according to discs diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The search for resistance genes was carried out by classical PCR.

Results: Among 53 strains analyzed, 26.41% represented enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The susceptibility test showed high proportions of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, 27.27% (ceftriaxone), 75% (ceftazidime) and 100% (cefotaxime). Imipenem was the most active of all the strains tested with a sensitivity ratio of 100%. Analysis of PCR products after agarose gel electrophoresis revealed 32 strains (60.37%) harboring at least one of the resistance genes sought. Of these strains, 28.30% harbored the bla_OXA gene, 32.07% the bla_CTX-M-G1gene. The co-existence of bla_OXA and bla_CTX-M-G1genes was found on 18.86%.

Conclusion: This study calls attention to community and hospital hygiene measures and the need for monitoring to limit the spread of virulent, antibiotic-resistant strains.

Proximate and Mineral Composition of Raw and Boiled Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula Sold in Markets in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Uwem Kelly Asemota — 2026-01-10

Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula are invertebrates commonly consumed in Nigeria and valued for their medicinal, nutritional and economic importance. In Nigeria, some people use the shelled Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula periwinkle for cooking while others prefer the unshelled (flesh). This study investigated the proximate and mineral composition of raw and boiled T. fuscatus var. radula sold in selected markets in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Raw samples of Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula were bought from Keffi, Masaka, and Orange markets. The proximate composition was determined using standard analytical methods. Mineral analysis was determined by Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Raw periwinkles had a high moisture content ranging from 68.76% to 70.31%, and protein contents ranging from 48.10% to 49.60%, with low lipid values (0.33% –1.62%). Boiling the periwinkles under laboratory conditions of 100℃ for 10 minutes gave moderate reductions in protein content (44.10% –46.00%) and mineral concentrations, as well as variable changes in moisture level (59.42% –69.00%). The result showed that raw and boiled samples with shells and without shells (flesh) have adequate crude protein, crude ash and crude fibre. It is low in crude lipid and carbohydrate. This makes it suitable as a food supplement and a good source of high animal protein. The potassium, manganese, magnesium, zinc and iron values did not exceed the set standard safe for human consumption. The raw periwinkles contained appreciable levels of calcium (43.22–49.51 mg/100 g), magnesium (141.62–169.78 mg/100 g), potassium (22.22–39.64 mg/100 g), and iron (6.25–14.51 mg/100 g), insignificant reduction in value after boiling, especially for calcium and potassium. The varying values obtained from the different markets could be attributed to the effect of environmental conditions, such as harvesting methods and post-harvest handling. The periwinkle T. fuscatus var. radula is nutrient packed, low-fat food with the ability to improve dietary protein and micronutrient intake. The result of Investigation showcases the importance of processing in determining nutritional quality. Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula is especially recommended for consumption by diabetics and people with fat related issues.

Evaluation of the Knockdown and Insecticidal Potentials of the Essential Oils of Plectranthus amboinicus and Eryngium foetidum against Culex quinquefasciatus

Ubulom, P. M. E. — 2026-01-13

Culex quinquefasicatus is an important vector of lymphatic filariasis and also a well-known nuisance mosquito. The insect’s resistance to synthetic insecticides has made its management extremely challenging. This study evaluated the knockdown and insecticidal effects of essential oils of Plectranthtus amboinicus and Eryngium foetidum against Culex quinquefasicatus. The oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and were each separately serially diluted in 15% tween -80 solution to obtain five concentrations (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 μl/ml). Each concentration had four replicates. The control (1ml of 15% tween -80 solution) was also replicated four times. Whatman No. 1 filter paper was separately impregnated with different concentrations of the oils and placed inside the WHO insecticide susceptibility test tubes. Twenty adult mosquitoes were exposed to each oil concentration and control to ascertain the knockdown effect at intervals of 5 for 30 while the insecticidal effect was observed for 60 minutes at intervals of 10 minutes. Complete knockdown was observed in the highest concentration (500μl/ml) for P. amboinicus and E. foetidum after 20 and 30 minutes respectively. Both oils showed increased mortality as concentration increased. After 60 minutes exposure period, P. amboinicus oil recorded 100% mortality against Cu. quinquefasicatus with all test concentrations while 100% mortality was only recorded against the insect after 60 minutes exposure to the highest concentration of E. foetidum oil. There was no knockdown or mortality recorded in the control experiment. Plectranthus amboinicus oil was more potent than E. foetidum oil. This was judged by the 30 minute KD₅₀ value of 12.793 μl/ml and 303.883µl/ml for E. foetidum and P. amboinicus respectively. Also, the LC₅₀ value for P. amboinicus was 67.019 μl/ml while that of E. foetidum was 643.663 μl/ml, supporting a higher susceptibility of Culex quinquefasicatus to the oil of P. amboinicus. Both plant oils exhibited activity against Culex quinquefasicatus but P. amboinicus oil produced a more appreciable potency and should be incorporated into the production of potent natural insecticides against Culex quinquefasicatus.

Extracts from Callistemon rigidus (Myrtaceae) and Gnetum africanum (Gnetaceae) Inhibit the Growth of Selected Bacteria-causing Pneumonia

Boniface Pone Kamdem — 2026-01-15

Bacterial pneumonia involves acute lung parenchyma and alveolar inflammation triggered by various bacteria, leading to fever, cough, dyspnea, and potential complications like sepsis or respiratory failure. The treatment of this infection is increasingly hindered by antibiotic resistance, thus justifying the pressing need to search for effective treatments against bacterial pneumonia. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Gnetum africanum (G. africanum) and Callistemon rigidus (C. rigidus) extracts on selected pneumonia-causing bacteria. Extracts from the bark and flowers of C. rigidus and from the leaves of G. africanum, were obtained by successive maceration using solvents of increasing polarity, including hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. The inhibitory effects of the as-prepared extracts (20) were assayed against five pneumonia-causing bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (two strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The bacterial (S. aureus HM-468) growth kinetics were evaluated with the most active extract (CrMeOHE, methanol extract of C. rigidus bark). The yields of plant extraction ranged from 0.507 to 18.12 %. The CrMeOHE extract was the most active extract with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 62.5, 125 and 500 µg/mL on S. aureus NR-46003, S. aureus HM-468 and A. baumannii NR-17784, respectively. The hexane extract of G. africanum inhibited the growth of S. aureus HM-468 with MIC value of 500 µg/mL. The time-kill kinetics of CrMeOHE extract on S. aureus HM-468 revealed a bactericidal effect at MIC, 2 MIC and 4 MIC. These results suggest that extracts of G. africanum and C. rigidus possess antibacterial activity and could serve as starting points for the discovery of drugs against pneumonia.

Synergistic Ameliorative Effect of Vitamin C and Activated Charcoal on Paraquat-induced Lung Histotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Tobias Peter Pwajok Choji — 2026-01-17

Aims: To investigate the Synergistic ameliorative effect and the safety of Vitamin C/ Activated Charcoal on Paraquat-induced lung histotoxicity and normal lungs of Wistar rats respectively. To investigate the relationship between the level of tissue damage and clinical manifestations with the duration of paraquat exposure.

Place and Duration of Study: National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, for 28 days.

Methodology: A total of 40 female 8-week-old Wistar rats, weighing between 150 to 200 grams were used, the rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups, of 10 rats each. Group 1 rats, normal control, received orally, 1ml of normal saline solution daily for 28 days. Group 2 animals received paraquat solution at 50mg/kg body weight dissolved in 1ml of distilled water once daily, for 28 days. Group 3 animals received paraquat solution at 50mg/kg body weight daily, followed after 5 minutes by 1ml of a combination of a solution of Vitamin C at 250mg/ kg body weight and a suspension of activated charcoal in distilled water at 0.175g/kg body weight, once daily for 28 days. Group 4 animals were administered 1ml of a combination of a solution of Vitamin C at 250mg/ kg body weight and a suspension of activated charcoal in distilled water at 0.175g/kg body weight once daily for 28 days. They were observed weekly. Lung tissue was harvested weekly for histopathology processing and microscopic examination from the groups randomly. The histopathological method applied is tissue morphology assessment and intra as well as extra cellular substances manifestation

Results: Group 1 and 4 animals present with normal physical behavior, water/ feed consumption. Group 2 animals present with severe reduction in feed/ water intake, respiratory distress and other physical abnormalities, which worsened with duration of the experiment. A mortality was recorded on each of days 8, 17 and 25. Group 3 animals present with milder signs of what was observed in group 2, with a mortality on day 23. Microscopically, Lung sections of groups 1 and 4 remain histologically normal throughout the experiment. Group 2 lung sections show massive diffuse eodema and vacuolations in alveolar spaces, indistinct alveolar epithelium, interalveolar septal haemorrhages and profuse infiltration of inflammatory cells in alveolar spaces, with complete loss of tissue architecture, which worsened with duration. Group 3 sections shows mild alveoli septa enlargement from day 7 to day 14, with mild interseptal haemorahes and edema from day 21 to day 28.

Conclusion: Histopathologically, group 2 shows established histotoxicity while group 3 shows amelioration and recovery from toxicity. As the duration of the experiment increases, the ameliorative effect of the dosage of this combination begins to decrease. There is hence, a need, to use graded doses of the combination of vitamin C and activated charcoal, to establish the optimum dose that can withstand long term exposure to paraquat toxicity. The normal morphology seen in both group 1 and group 4 has shown that at this dose, the combination of vitamin C and activated charcoal is safe for the animal.

Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters of Taro Corms (Colocasia esculenta) of the "Fouê" and "Yatan" Cultivars and Organoleptic Characterization of Traditional Pastry Dishes Made with Composite Flour of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Type 45 and Taro Corms

Sana Etienne SILUE — 2026-01-19

Aims: This study explores the biochemical properties of taro corms and the sensory qualities of traditional pastries made with composite flours from wheat and taro of the Fouê and Yatan cultivars.

Methods: Biochemical and sensory data were analyzed with Tukey's test after ANOVA to compare sample means and identify significant differences at a 5% level (P < 0.05). This analysis assessed the impact of substituting wheat flour with taro powder on dish characteristics, identifying optimal substitution levels for acceptable sensory quality.

Results: Biochemical analysis showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two taro cultivars, with the Fouê cultivar having generally higher levels of dry matter (28,75 ± 3,93 %), protein (1,79 ± 0,04 g/100 g DM), fiber (5,53 ± 0,08 g/100 g DM), vitamin C (5,29 ± 0,08 mg/100 g DM), and minerals like calcium (48,75 ± 3,31 mg/100 g DM), magnesium (41,03 ± 2,16 mg/100 g DM), and iron (0,79 ± 0,02 mg/100 g DM). In preparing traditional pastries (Spring Rolls, snowball cakes, and savory croquettes) with composite flours, incorporating taro powder changed the appearance, texture, and sensory acceptability, especially above 6% substitution. Sensory analysis by a tasting panel assessed color, texture, aroma, and taro flavor. Low taro levels (1–3%) maintained acceptability similar to the 100% wheat control, while higher levels (9–12%) reduced it.

Conclusion: This work enhances understanding of the nutritional benefits of the Fouê and Yatan cultivars and their potential for producing traditional pastries with optimized sensory qualities.

Bacterial Heterogeneity and Density of Glufosinate Ammonium Contaminated Soil: A Microcosm Study

Tega Lee-Ann Ataikiru — 2026-01-23

Introduction: Indiscriminate use of herbicides in agriculture poses significant threats to soil health, particularly by affecting the diversity and abundance of soil microorganisms

Aim: This study investigated the effects of glufosinate ammonium on soil microbial communities and physicochemical properties.

Study Design: A microcosm experiment was carried out in the laboratory to ascertain the short term effects of glufosinate ammonium application on soil microorganisms.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Environmental Management &Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun/ June-August, 2024.

Methodology: One kilogram of soil was contaminated with the herbicide (20mL and 60mL (v/w)) in triplicates. A control was set-up without the herbicide. Soil samples were collected from herbicide-treated and untreated microcosms and analyzed for physicochemicals and heterotrophic biota before and two weeks after contamination.

Results: Baseline analysis revealed pH, organic carbon content, lead and cadmium values were 6.40, 1.46%, 6.42 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Total heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts were 2 × 10⁴ CFU/g and 1.65 × 10⁴ CFU/g. Furthermore, values for pH, organic carbon, lead, cadmium were 7.40, 1.30%, 6.9mg/kg and 0.16mg/kg (control), 7.60, 1.64%, 6.22mg/kg, 0.10mg/kg (20mL), 7.7, 1.68%, 8.10mg/kg and 0.18mg/kg (60mL), respectively. Total heterotrophic bacterial counts were 5.0 × 10⁴ CFU/g (control), 3.30 × 10⁴ CFU/g (20mL) and 3.00 × 10⁴ CFU/g (60mL) while total heterotrophic fungal counts were 3.25 × 10⁴ CFU/g (control), 3.00 × 10⁴ CFU/g (20mL) and 2.50 × 10⁴ CFU/g (60mL) after contamination. Species of Bacillus, Enterobacter, Paenibacillus, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus were identified in this study.

Conclusion: The results revealed that herbicides significantly altered the microbial population, with heterotrophic fungi showing resilience. This study contributes to understanding the complex interactions between herbicides, soil microorganisms, and physicochemical properties, providing a foundation for sustainable agricultural practices in herbicide-treated environments.

Genetic Diversity of Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Peri-urban Communities of Southern Nigeria

Okoye, Kosisochukwu Kingsley — 2026-01-27

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health issue, with its recent reports in Nigeria showing rising resistance among community and clinical bacterial pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains a major issue due to its ability to acquire resistance genes such as mecA and virulence determinants with PVL. However, hospital- based surveillance in Nigeria is increasing, but evidence from peri-urban communities remains limited. Therefore, this study investigated the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns of multidrug-resistant S. aureus circulating in peri-urban communities of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. Nasal and clinical isolates collected from community volunteers between 2019 and 2022 underwent standard culture, susceptibility testing, mecA and pvl PCR screening, and spa typing with phylogenetic analysis. A high proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates, with more than sixty percent resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Resistance to penicillins, tetracycline, macrolides, and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole matched national reports, while susceptibility to vancomycin remained largely preserved. mecA was widely detected, and multiple spa types with clonal complexes were identified, indicating several transmission routes. Phylogenetic clustering suggested local spread between households and primary care settings. There is a need for community-level antimicrobial stewardship, improved surveillance, and integrated One Health strategies to limit further expansion of resistant S. aureus in peri-urban regions of Nigeria.

Effects of Plant Growth–Promoting Rhizobacteria on Seed Germination and Early Growth Performance of FKR62N Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety in Burkina Faso

Cécile Harmonie OTOIDOBIGA — 2026-01-29

Rice productivity is often hampared by low soil fertility and and excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers. This study evaluated the effects of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on rice germination, vegetative growth, and biomass production. Rice seeds were inoculated with bacterial isolates (VDK5AN, VDK12AE, M14AN, TI13AN, and M16AN) belonging to the genera Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Terrilactibacillus. Germination parameters, including germinated seed number, seedling height, and radicle length, were assessed, followed by a pot experiment to evaluate plant growth and yield under bacterial and NPK + urea fertilization. Uninoculated seeds and plants were used as controls.

Bacterial treatments significantly influenced seed germination and early seedling development (p < 0.001), with all isolates outperforming the control. Isolates M14AN, TI13AN, and VDK5AN showed the strongest and earliest stimulatory effects. Seedling height and radicle length increased progressively and were significantly enhanced by bacterial inoculation, particularly from 7 days after inoculation onward (p < 0.001). Plant height, tiller number, and biomass accumulation were also significantly affected by treatments and growth stage (p < 0.001). Inoculated plants, especially those treated with VDK5AN, VDK12AE, TI13AN, and M16AN, exhibited superior vegetative growth compared with the control and, in several cases, the NPK treatment. Aerial and root biomass were markedly increased by bacterial inoculation (p < 0.0001), with isolates M14AN and VDK5AN producing the highest yields.

Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of the tested PGPR isolates to enhance rice growth and biomass production, highlighting their promise as sustainable biofertilizers. Further studies are needed to elucidate their mechanisms of action and to validate their effectiveness under field conditions.

High-Frequency Somatic Embryogenesis and Molecular Validation of Genetic Fidelity in Kaempferia marginata Carey ex Roscoe: An Endangered Medicinal Plant

Chongtham Henary Singh — 2026-02-05

Kaempferia marginata Carey ex Roscoe is a valuable medicinal plant currently threatened by over-exploitation and habitat loss. We established an efficient in vitro micropropagation protocol via somatic embryogenesis. Rhizome buds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with varying concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. The highest frequency of callus induction (87.00 ± 0.10%)—producing friable, embryogenic callus—and subsequent shoot regeneration (7.5 ± 0.16 shoots/explant) was achieved with 2.0 mgL⁻¹ α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Histological analysis confirmed the ontogeny of somatic embryos progressing from globular to torpedo stages. For multiplication, a combination of 4.0 mgL⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ NAA yielded the maximum number of shoots (16.35 ± 0.22) within 4 weeks. Genetic stability was assessed using 25 RAPD and 11 ISSR primers, which generated 84 and 76 reproducible bands, respectively. All profiles were monomorphic across regenerants and the mother plant, confirming true-to-type propagation suitable for large-scale conservation and commercial utilization.

Agro-morphological Stability of Five Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Candidate Varieties for Registration in the Beninese Catalogue of Plant Species and Varieties

Mensah A. C. G. — 2026-02-07

Aims: Okra is a vegetable of major nutritional and economic importance in tropical and subtropical regions. In Benin, its production remains limited by disease and pest pressure and the lack of high-performing varieties. This study aims to assess agro-morphological traits of five varieties (TZSMN86, AVOK1501, AVOK1505, AVOK1502 and C101), as part of the requirements for their inclusion in the Beninese Catalogue of Plant Species and Varieties (CaBEV).

Methodology: The criteria of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) were assessed over two cycles of on-station trials. Agreement between qualitative parameter classifications across production seasons was assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient, while phenological and agro-morphological data were analyzed using generalized linear and linear mixed-effect models, followed by Tukey's posthoc tests for mean comparisons, in R (v4.3.0) with variety and season as fixed factors and block as random factor.

Results: Findings revealed that several qualitative traits were uniform, while significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted in leaf blade color and fruit shape. Quantitative data indicate significant variability between genotypes across seasons. Ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC) grouped the varieties into three distinct clusters. Accessions AVOK1502 and AVOK1505 also showed good stability across seasons.

Conclusion: These results provide a scientific basis for the approval and registration of high-performing okra varieties (TZSMN86, AVOK1501, AVOK1505, AVOK1502 and C101) in the national variety catalogue.

Phytochemical Composition and Functional Properties of Avocado and Dragon Fruit: A Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Activities

Astha Gupta — 2026-02-09

Aim: Neurodegenerative disorders are increasingly associated with oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cholinergic dysfunction. In this context, plant-derived bioactive compounds, particularly those found in commonly consumed fruits, have attracted growing scientific interest for their potential neuroprotective effects. Avocado (Persea americana) and dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus) are rich in phytochemicals that may contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities relevant to brain health.

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the phytochemical composition of avocado and dragon fruit extracts, and to evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. Particular emphasis was placed on elucidating their potential neuroprotective properties, with relevance to mitigating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and anti-acetylcholinesterase associated with neurodegenerative disorders.

Methods: Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted to identify diverse classes of bioactive compounds. TLC was performed to visualize and profile phytochemical constituents. Quantitative determinations included measurement of total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant capacity, using the phosphomolybdate assay and the ferric reducing potential assay (FRPA). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through inhibition of heat-induced hemolysis in human red blood cells. Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was also evaluated to determine the potential of the extracts in mitigating cholinergic dysfunction.

Results: Qualitative analysis confirmed a diverse phytochemical profile in both avocado and dragon fruit. Avocado exhibited higher total phenolic (1.01 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (2.3 mg QE/g) compared to dragon fruit (0.48 mg GAE /g and 1.8 mg QE/g, respectively). Despite this, dragon fruit consistently demonstrated superior antioxidant capacity, with values of 0.14 mg/mL ascorbic acid equivalents in the phosphomolybdate assay and 0.623 mg AAE/g in the FRAP assay, versus 0.08 mg AAE/g and 0.0295 mg AAE/g for avocado. Anti-inflammatory activity was more pronounced in avocado (83% inhibition) relative to dragon fruit (73%). Both extracts exhibited notable anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, with avocado showing stronger inhibition (40%) compared to dragon fruit (20%).

Conclusion: This study provides novel comparative evidence on the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of avocado and dragon fruit. While avocado demonstrated higher phenolic and flavonoid content together with stronger anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase effects, dragon fruit exhibited superior antioxidant capacity. These complementary properties highlight both fruits as valuable sources of neuroprotective compounds, supporting their potential role in dietary strategies aimed at reducing the risk or progression of neurodegenerative disorders.

Microbiological Profile of Fungi Isolated from Gwagwalada River Exposed to Kutunku Abattoir, Abuja

Ekakpo Onuk Johnwara — 2026-02-16

Aim: This study assessed the fungal microbiological profile of the Gwagwalada River, which is influenced by effluent from the Kutunku abattoir, Abuja, to evaluate water quality and potential public health risks.

Methods: Three water samples were collected from three designated sites (A, B, and C) at a depth of 30 cm from the Gwagwalada river and transported on ice to the Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre of the Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja for further analysis. Fungal isolation was performed using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Broth supplemented with 0.1g Chloramphenicol. Fungal identification was confirmed via ITS region sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using standard protocols, and statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA (SPSS v30.0). Physicochemical parameters, including pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and heavy metals, were assessed using standard methods.

Results: Fungal loads at points A, B, and C were 3.5 × 10⁶, 3.9 × 10⁶, and 1.82 × 10⁷ CFU/mL, respectively, with significant differences observed among sites (p < 0.01). Molecular analysis identified Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus as dominant species. All isolates exhibited 100% susceptibility to clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and nystatin. The presence of potentially pathogenic fungi highlights the river’s contamination and associated public health risks.

Conclusion: The high fungal load and presence of potentially pathogenic species indicate significant water quality deterioration in the Gwagwalada River, likely associated with abattoir effluent, posing a potential public health risk. Monitoring and mitigation strategies are recommended to safeguard community health.

Isolation of Oleaginous Yeast and Media Optimization for Enhanced Lipid Production from Soil Samples

Waghamare Suresh — 2026-02-16

Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate oleaginous yeast from soil and to optimize media components for enhanced lipid accumulation using different carbon and nitrogen sources, followed by statistical analysis at a 5% significance level.

Study Design, Place, and Duration: An experimental laboratory-based study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory of the institution. The study was carried out over a period of several months.

Methodology: Oleaginous yeasts are defined as yeasts capable of accumulating more than 20% lipid of their dry biomass. Soil samples were collected and subjected to enrichment culture, followed by plating on Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose (YPD) agar for yeast isolation. The enrichment culture yielded 2.22 × 10⁸ CFU/mL. White, creamy, round colonies were considered as yeast and selected for further screening. Screening for oleaginous yeast was performed using nitrogen-limited medium (NLM), as nitrogen limitation is known to be the most effective condition for inducing lipogenesis. Media optimization was carried out using different carbon sources (glucose, molasses, and agricultural waste) and nitrogen sources (ammonium sulphate and peptone). Lipids were extracted from yeast biomass using the Bligh and Dyer method. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA at a 5% significance level.

Results: The isolated yeast strains accumulated lipid content exceeding 20% of dry biomass, confirming their oleaginous nature. Media containing glucose, molasses, and ammonium sulphate resulted in significantly higher lipid accumulation compared to media containing peptone and agricultural waste. Among the carbon sources tested, molasses supported the highest lipid yield.

Conclusion: The study successfully isolated oleaginous yeast from soil and demonstrated that nitrogen limitation significantly enhances lipid accumulation. Media optimization revealed that glucose, molasses, and ammonium sulphate are effective substrates for lipid production, with molasses showing the highest potential. These findings highlight the applicability of low-cost substrates for sustainable microbial lipid production.

Parasitism of Loranthaceae in Cocoa Agroecosystems of Daloa in Côte d’Ivoire: Ecological Basis for Management Based on Sustainable Plant Biodiversity

Amon Anoh Denis-Esdras — 2026-02-17

Context: In Côte d’Ivoire, Loranthaceae are a major factor in the parasitism of trees and shrubs, particularly cocoa trees, causing damage that can affect productivity. Knowledge of their specific diversity and ecological preferences is essential for the development of sustainable management strategies for cocoa plantations.

Methodology: The study was conducted in fifteen periurban cocoa plantations in Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire. The inventory of parasitic species was carried out using the itinerant method, supplemented by direct observations in the field. Producers and plantations were selected using a purposive (non-random) sampling approach based on accessibility, plantation age and farmers’ experience. At the same time, thirty-five producers were interviewed using semi-structured interviews to analyse local practices for controlling Loranthaceae

Results: Four species belonging to three genera were identified: Globimetula dinklagei, Phragmanthera capitata, Tapinanthus bangwensis and T. globiferus. Their development in the canopy of cocoa trees depends on light and shade. Damage ranges from partial or total invasion (50 %) to progressive depletion of trees (3.5 %). 95% of producers mainly prune infested branches, while only 5% reported manually pulling up clumps due to technical and safety constraints.

Conclusion: These results provide a solid ecological and biological basis for the development of pre-biotechnological management strategies, including varietal selection and integrated biological control to limit the impact of Loranthaceae on cocoa trees in Côte d’Ivoire.

Genome-Scale Bioinformatic Analysis of Mob-Like Proteins in Tomato

Xinyu Na — 2026-01-20

Aims: The MOB protein family is an evolutionarily highly conserved protein family that participates in the regulation of cell volume and proliferation. However, its function in tomato growth and development remains unclear. Clarifying the properties, structure and protein interaction network of SlMOB proteins is of great significance for exploring the regulatory mechanism of tomato growth and development.

Study Design: To explore the characteristics and potential functions of the tomato SlMOB protein family, we conducted systematic bioinformatics analyses to predict and characterize the SlMOB proteins in Solanum lycopersicum. The results of this study laid a solid foundation for further in-depth exploration of the regulatory role of SlMOB proteins in tomato fruit development and the breeding of high-yield tomato varieties.

Methodology: In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to comprehensively analyze the physicochemical properties, transmembrane structure, subcellular localization, signal peptide, secondary structure, conserved domain, open reading frame, 3D structure, protein interaction relationship and phylogenetic evolution of tomato SlMOB proteins.

Results: The results showed that there were three members of the tomato SlMOB protein family, and all contained 215 amino acids, with no transmembrane regions or signal peptides, and were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The secondary structure was mainly composed of α-helix, and all members contained the conserved Mob1_phocein domain. The 3D models of all SlMOB proteins were constructed with 5twg.1.A as the template, showing high evolutionary conservation. The proteins interacting with SlMOB family members mainly included serine/threonine protein kinase 38-like, serine/threonine protein kinase 39-like and other kinases involved in signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that tomato SlMOB proteins had a close evolutionary relationship with Camellia sinensis MOB proteins.

Conclusions: The results of this study clarified the basic characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the tomato SlMOB protein family, enriched the information of the MOB protein family in plants, and provided a theoretical basis for further experimental verification of the function of SlMOB proteins and the molecular breeding of high-yield and high-quality tomatoes.

Impact of Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) on Cotton Resistance (Gossypium hirsutum L. var Y 764G3) a Fusarium Oxysporum Vasynfectum and the Chlorophyll Content of the Leaves

N'GUESSAN Affoué Sylvie Rachelle — 2026-01-27

A tropical plant belonging to the genus Gossypium, cotton is cultivated for both its fibers and seeds. In Côte d'Ivoire, cotton cultivation represents 10% of export earnings and contributes 1.7% to the gross domestic product. Despite its social and economic importance, cotton farming is attacked by numerous pests and parasites, causing crop losses. In tropical regions, Fusarium wilt causes enormous damage.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the influence of the application of methyl jasmonate on the resistance of cotton plants to fusarium wilt.

Location of the Study: The first part of this study was carried out on the experimental plot of the Nagui Abnrogoua University and the second part at the Laboratory of Biology and Plant Production (LBPV) of said University.

Methodology: Cotton plants were treated with methyl jasmonate to stimulate natural defenses and then infected with Fusarium Oxysporum.

Results: The results showed that chlorophyll content increased in plants treated with methyl jasmonate. The chla / chlb ratio was greater than 1, while the control plants had the lowest ratio. Growth parameters also increased relatively in the methyl jasmonate -treated (TIM) plants. Untreated and uninoculated (NTNI) plants exhibited the highest growth parameters.

Conclusion: Methyl jasmonate improves the resistance of cotton to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum.

Sustainable Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Supply Chain Diversification for Economic Growth in Africa: Barriers, Opportunities, and Policy Pathways

Ernest Tambo — 2026-01-21

While Africa continent has high potential due to its large and youthful population, manufacturing remains underdeveloped, with only 2% of global manufactured goods originating from Africa. Inadequate and unreliable infrastructure is one of the most critical barriers to manufacturing implementation and broad growth. Little is documented on biomanufacturing readiness and supply chain systems performance and robustness that are essential for safe and efficacious vaccines, medicine and other diagnostic products. This review article highlights biopharmaceutical manufacturing and supply chain management regulatory ecosystem and engagement, workforce and infrastructure capacities implementation strategies. Findings showed that pharmaceutical manufacturing in Africa is a rapidly growing, strategic focus for health sovereignty, aiming to shift from importing over 99% of its vaccines to producing 60% locally by 2040 through massive workforce development, strategic partnerships, and targeted investments. This review article highlights the biomanufacturing regulatory ecosystem and policies implementation to targeted capacity building strategies in enhancing sustainable production and supply chain systems resilience, efficiency and access and uptake effectiveness for economic growth and well-being, Addressing implementation barriers and knowledge gaps is crucial in harnessing and fast-tracking vaccines and medical products scale production and wide availability against preventable infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases among under-served and vulnerable populations across Africa and global south. Findings revealed that key barriers and challenges include a shortage of skilled labor, complex and inconsistent regulatory environments, inadequate and unreliable infrastructure like geopolitics power increasing operational costs and limits production, fragmented markets, transportation, inefficient roads and ports, which drives up freight costs and causes significant supply chain management bottlenecks, and limited allocation domestic finance. Key strategies in national and regional diversification of manufacturing are highlighted to significantly impact socio-economic growth by fostering innovation, creating jobs, and enabling sustainable production of various goods. Advancing biomanufacturing basic and advanced research to industrial-scale production and sustainability approaches. Africa’s development and transformation relies on biomanufacturing actionable outcomes which is crucial for a thriving bioeconomy immense opportunities driven by the Africa Union Platform for Harmonized African Health products Manufacturing (PHAHM) to build capacity for vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics. This calls for the urgent need for integration and sustainability drivers and evidence-based biomanufacturing policies and regulations, productivity and economic development strategies. Fostering public-private biomanufacturing partnerships and co-investment actions plans. Boosting integrative vaccines biomanufacturing national regulatory and ethics engagement, licensure pathways and hamonized reliance approaches through advancing data sharing and standard practice for programmatic vaccine biomanufacturing decision-making and resilience across borders. Data-driven and evidence-informed decisions safe and effective biomedical products development, scale production, availability,low-cost and uptake compliance have shown signifficant global and public health benefits and returns impact. Biopharmaceutical manufacturing and biotechnologies skilled workforce development and programmatic plans including risk mitigation and supply chain capabilities across Africa have potential social and pubic health impact and driving “the Africa w Want”, while addressing manufacturing regulatory processes and high cost investment and global supply chain complexities and vulnerabilities issues and gaps is core across Africa and worldwide.

A Review on Next Generation Smart Textiles: An Emerging Microbe-Based Strategy for Skin Health and Wound Management

Chinyere Augusta Ajuzieogu — 2026-02-10

Background: Next-generation smart textiles represent an advanced class of fabric-based systems designed to actively support skin health and wound management. Unlike conventional textiles and passive wound dressings, these materials integrate sensing elements, responsive biomaterials, and embedded technologies that enable continuous monitoring of key parameters such as temperature, pH, moisture, pressure, and biochemical indicators. This real-time feedback allows early detection of infection, accurate assessment of healing progression, and adaptive therapeutic responses, particularly in the management of chronic and complex wounds. A key aspect of these smart textiles is the incorporation of microorganisms and microbe-derived materials. Components such as bacterial cellulose, probiotic systems, fungal mycelium, and microbial enzymes provide biocompatibility, high moisture retention, antimicrobial activity, and environmental sustainability. These biologically active elements interact with the skin microenvironment and microbiome, supporting barrier integrity, immune regulation, and infection control while reducing dependence on conventional chemical treatments. The development of smart textiles relies on advanced materials and fabrication strategies, including conductive fibers, nanomaterials, responsive polymers, and textile-compatible electronics. Techniques such as weaving and knitting with conductive yarns, surface coating, printing, and additive manufacturing enable the integration of sensors, energy systems, and communication modules without compromising comfort and flexibility. Applications extend beyond wound dressings to wearable platforms for skin protection, pressure ulcer prevention, remote health monitoring, and telemedicine-supported care. Despite their significant potential, challenges remain related to durability, was hability, energy management, cost, data security, and environmental impact. Ongoing research is focused on creating multifunctional, self-powered, and personalized smart textile systems, with emerging interest in artificial intelligence integration and living microbial interfaces.

Conclusion: These advances position smart textiles as transformative tools for improving skin health outcomes and modern wound care.